Resistome analysis of Escherichia coli isolates from layers in Hungary.

The authors aimed to investigate eight strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains from Hungarian layer flocks for antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG), using metagenomic methods. The strains were isolated from cloacal swabs of healthy adult layers. This study employed shotgun sequencing-based genetic and bioinformatic analysis along with determining phenotypic minimum inhibitory concentrations. A total of 59 ARGs were identified in the eight E. coli isolates, carrying ARGs against 15 groups of antibiotics. Among these, 28 ARGs were identified as transferable. Specifically, four ARGs were plasmid-derived, 18 ARGs were phage-derived and an additional six ARGs were predicted to be mobile, contributing to their mobility and potential spread between bacteria.

[Psychometric properties of the Hungarian version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale - Short Version (IUS-12)]. / Az alkoholhasználat és az öndetermináció kapcsolata: a Kezelési Önszabályozási Kérdoív pszichometriai jellemzoi magyar mintán.

INTRODUCTION: Intolerance of uncertainty is the tendency to react negatively to an uncertain situation, regardless of the probability of the occurrence of the event and its consequences. Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) can also be conceptualized as a personality trait that is prominent in many anxiety and rumination-related pathologies. A growing body of research highlights its key role in understanding anxiety disorders. METHOD: The aim of present study was to investigate the dimensionality, validity and reliability of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale in a large non-clinical sample (N = 1747). Former was analysed by confirmatory factor analysis, the validity by correlation with the Perceived Stress Scale. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest analysis. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis failed to confirm the hypothesized two-factor structure (CFI = 0.907; TLI = 0.885; RMSEA = 0.103 [90% CI = 0.096-0.110]; SRMR = 0.071). However, the exploratory factor analysis identified the same two factors as in the original study: "Prospective" and "Inhibitory". The scale showed excellent internal reliability (α = 0.897) and test-retest reliability. There was moderate correlation with the Perceived Stress Scale (r = 0.438). CONCLUSION: Based on the results, the Hungarian version of the BTS-12 is a valid and reliable measurement tool. However, before its use in a Hungarian sample, its psychometric properties need to be confirmed by further studies on a large sample. In the future, the questionnaire will be useful in measuring intolerance of uncertainty and may be useful in identifying susceptibility to anxiety disorders.

Frequency of office blood pressure measurements and the seasonal variability of blood pressure: results of the Hungarian Hypertension Registry.

PURPOSE: Hypertension is a major public health problem, thus, its timely and appropriate diagnosis and management are crucial for reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of the new Hungarian Hypertension Registry is to evaluate the blood pressure measurement practices of general practitioners (GPs), internists and cardiologists in outpatient clinics, as well as to assess the seasonal variability of blood pressure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Omron M3 IT devices were used during four-month periods between October 2018 and April 2023 in GP practices and in hypertension clinics. The blood pressure data were then transmitted online from the monitors' cuffs to a central database using the Medistance system of Omron. RESULTS: Family physicians (n = 2491), and internists/cardiologists (n = 477) participated in the study. A total of 4804 821 blood pressure measurements were taken during 10 four-month evaluation periods. In the ten periods, the daily average number of measurements was between 3.0 and 5.6. Following ESH diagnostic criteria, the proportion of subjects in optimal, normal and high-normal blood pressure categories were 14, 13.4 and 16.7%, respectively. Altogether 56% of the measurements belonged to stage 1, stage 2 or stage 3 hypertension categories (31.6, 17.1 and 7.4%, respectively). On average, a difference of 5/2 mmHg was observed between winter and summer data in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, respectively. The average systolic blood pressure values were higher in GP practices with more than 2000 patients than in the ones with less than 1500 patients (141.86 mmHg versus 140.02 mmHg, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the low daily average number of blood pressure measurements indicates a limited blood pressure screening awareness/capacity in the case of Hungarian family physicians. In GP practices with more patients, blood pressure is usually less well-controlled. These results suggest that the further promotion of home blood pressure monitoring is necessary.

What is the background?The standard method for the diagnosis of hypertension and for the control of treatment efficacy in hypertensive patients is office blood pressure measurement.Until now we had no real-life data on the blood pressure measurement practices of general practitioners (GPs), internists and cardiologists.Although seasonal differences in blood pressure values are well known, we had no data on the extent of these changes.What is new?In this real-world, nationwide observational study we were able to measure the frequency of blood pressure measurements in the daily practice of GPs, internists and cardiologists in Hungary, which was found to be very low compared to the number of patients they treat. In practices with more patients, blood pressure is generally less well-controlled.We could also detect a significant seasonal variation in systolic and diastolic blood pressure values over the observed time periods.What is the impact?The low daily average number of blood pressure measurements indicates a limited blood pressure screening awareness/capacity in the case of Hungarian family physicians, supporting the further promotion of home blood pressure measurement.The marked seasonal blood pressure changes demonstrated by our study require attention and the individual adjustment of treatment in different seasons.

Birthweight trends and their explanatory factors in Hungary between 1999 and 2018: an analysis of the Hungarian Tauffer registry.

BACKGROUND: The increasing birthweight trend stopped and even reversed in several high income countries in the last 20 years, however the reason for these changes is not well characterized. We aimed to describe birthweight trends of term deliveries in Hungary between 1999 and 2018 and to investigate potential maternal and foetal variables that could drive these changes. METHODS: We analysed data from the Hungarian Tauffer registry, a compulsory anonymized data collection of each delivery. We included all singleton term deliveries in 1999-2018 (n = 1,591,932). We modelled birthweight trends separately in 1999-2008 and 2008-2018 in hierarchical multiple linear regression models adjusted for calendar year, newborn sex, maternal age, gestational age at delivery, and other important determinants. RESULTS: Median birthweights increased from 3250/3400 g (girl/boy) to 3300/3440 g from 1999 to 2008 and decreased to 3260/3400 g in 2018. When we adjusted for gestational age at delivery the increase in the first period became more pronounced (5.4 g/year). During the second period, similar adjustment substantially decreased the rate of decline from 2.5 to 1.4 g/year. Further adjustment for maternal age halved the rate of increase to 2.4 g/year in the first period. During the second period, adjustment for maternal age had little effect on the estimate. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings of an increasing birthweight trend (mostly related to the aging of the mothers) in 1999-2008 may forecast an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases in offsprings born in this period. In contrast, the decreasing birthweight trends after 2008 may reflect some beneficial effects on perinatal morbidity. However, the long-term effect cannot be predicted, as the trend is mostly explained by the shorter pregnancies.

Birthweights showed an increase followed by a decrease in several high income countries in the last 20 years, however the reasons for these changes is not well described. Thus, we aimed to investigate birthweight trends and their potential explanatory factors in Hungary between 1999 and 2018. We used registry data of all deliveries from Hungary in 1999­2018 (n = 1 591 932). Birthweights increased from 3250/3400 g (girl/boy) to 3300/3440 g from 1999 to 2008 and decreased to 3260/3400 g until 2018. Maternal age explained approximately half of increase in the first period, while a substantial part of the decrease in the second period was explained by the presence of shorter pregnancies. The increasing birthweights in 1999­2008 may forecast an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases in offsprings born in this period. In contrast, the decreasing birthweight trends after 2008 may reflect some beneficial effects on perinatal morbidity. However, its long-term consequences cannot be predicted, as the trend is mostly explained by the shorter pregnancies.

Temporal and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Danube River in Hungary.

The Danube is a significant transboundary river on a global scale, with several tributaries. The effluents from industrial operations and wastewater treatment plants have an impact on the river's aquatic ecosystem. These discharges provide a significant threat to aquatic life by deteriorating the quality of water and sediment. Hence, a total of 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds were analyzed at six locations along the river, covering a period of 12 months. The objective was to explore the temporal and spatial fluctuations of these chemicals in both water and sediment. The study revealed a significant fluctuation in the concentration of PAHs in water throughout the year, with levels ranging from 224.8 ng/L during the summer to 365.8 ng/L during the winter. Similarly, the concentration of PAHs in sediment samples varied from 316.7 ng/g in dry weight during the summer to 422.9 ng/g in dry weight during the winter. According to the Europe Drinking Water Directive, the levels of PAHs exceeded the permitted limit of 100 ng/L, resulting in a 124.8% rise in summer and a 265.8% increase in winter. The results suggest that the potential human-caused sources of PAHs were mostly derived from pyrolytic and pyrogenic processes, with pyrogenic sources being more dominant. Assessment of sediment quality standards (SQGs) showed that the levels of PAHs in sediments were below the Effect Range Low (ERL), except for acenaphthylene (Acy) and fluorene (Fl) concentrations. This suggests that there could be occasional biological consequences. The cumulative Individual Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) exceeds 1/104 for both adults and children in all sites.

Problematic usage of the internet among Hungarian elementary school children: a cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Problematic usage of the internet (PUI) is perhaps one of the most frequently studied phenomena of the 21st century receiving increasing attention in both scientific literature and the media. Despite intensive research there have been relatively few meaningful studies among elementary school students in Hungary and worldwide, who may be considered as a high-risk population with regard to problematic internet use. The aim of our study was to carry out a complex research focusing on the prevalence and risk factors of PUI among elementary school children aged 10-15 years (Grade 5-8). METHODS: Demographics included were gender, age, place of stay, type of residence, family type, parental education, start of internet use, used devices, daily internet use, purpose of internet use, internet accounts, ways of keeping in touch with friends and sporting activities. PUI was evaluated using the paper-based version of the Potentially Problematic Use of the Internet Questionnaire. RESULTS: Overall, 2000 paper-based questionnaires were successfully delivered and the final analysis included 1168 responses (overall response rate 58.4%). Mean age was 12.55 ± 1.24 years. Female gender (OR = 2.760, p = 0,006, CI 95% 0.065 to 0.384), younger age (11-12 years) (OR = 3.812, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.747-4.731), early exposure to the internet (OR = 3.466, p = 0.001, 95% CI 1.535-5.446), living in a small village (OR = 1.081, p = 0.002, 95% CI 1.041-1.186) urgency to answer online (OR = 4.677, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 2.714-6.639), decreased frequency of personal contact with friends (OR = 2.897, p = 0.004, 95% CI: 1.037-1.681), spending more than 6 h online (OR = 12.913, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 10.798-14.892), morning and nighttime internet use (OR = 3.846, p < 0.001, CI 95% 1.886-5.810) and never doing any sports (OR = 2.016, p = 0.044, 95% CI: 1.050-3.354) were independently associated with problematic internet use. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of our questionnaire survey more than 10% seemed to be problematic users in our study population, which is a relatively high rate. Early exposure to the internet as well as younger age were strongly related to this phenomenon. Duration of being online as well as daily time interval of internet use are important predisposing factors. Scarcely studied social factors such as being online at the expense of personal relationships and the lack of physical activity should be payed more attention to prevent the development of PUI.

Rhipicephalus sanguineus from Hungarian dogs: Tick identification and detection of tick-borne pathogens.

The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a complex of tick species with an unsettled species concept. In Europe, R. sanguineus is considered mainly a Mediterranean tick with sporadic findings in central and northern Europe. R. sanguineus is known as a vector of a range of pathogens of medical and veterinary importance, most of which not yet reported as autochthonous in Hungary. A total of 1839 ticks collected by veterinarians from dogs and cats were obtained in Hungary. The study aims at precise determination of ticks identified as R. sanguineus and detection of pathogens in collected ticks. All ticks were morphologically determined and 169 individuals were identified as R. sanguineus. A subset of 15 ticks was selected for molecular analysis (16S rDNA, 12S rDNA, COI). Phylogenetic analyses invariably placed sequences of all three markers into a single haplotype identified as R. sanguineus sensu stricto. All 169 brown dog ticks were tested for the presence of A. platys, E. canis, R. conorii, B. vogeli and H. canis. None of the investigated ticks was positive for the screened pathogens, though A. phagocytophilum sequence was detected in a single tick.

Detection and complete genome characterization of a genogroup X (GX) sapovirus (family Caliciviridae) from a golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Hungary.

In this study, a novel genotype of genogroup X (GX) sapovirus (family Caliciviridae) was detected in the small intestinal contents of a golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Hungary and characterised by viral metagenomics and next-generation sequencing techniques. The complete genome of the detected strain, GX/Dömsöd/DOCA-11/2020/HUN (PP105600), is 7,128 nt in length. The ORF1- and ORF2-encoded viral proteins (NSP, VP1, and VP2) have 98%, 95%, and 88% amino acid sequence identity to the corresponding proteins of genogroup GX sapoviruses from domestic pigs, but the nucleic acid sequence identity values for their genes are significantly lower (83%, 77%, and 68%). During an RT-PCR-based epidemiological investigation of additional jackal and swine samples, no other GX strains were detected, but a GXI sapovirus strain, GXI/Tótfalu/WBTF-10/2012/HUN (PP105601), was identified in a faecal sample from a wild boar (Sus scrofa). We report the detection of members of two likely underdiagnosed groups of sapoviruses (GX and GXI) in a golden jackal and, serendipitously, in a wild boar in Europe.

Adaptation of the scale of effects of social media on eating behavior in Hungarian university students.

Background: People live in a technological world, where social media is used very commonly. Social media has effects on eating behaviors, as in other aspects. For this reason, it is important to measure social media effect. Objective: This study aimed to adapt the Scale of Effects of Social Media on Eating Behaviour (SESMEB) that examines the effect of social media on eating behavior in Hungarian university students. Material and methods: The SESMEB was translated into the target language by taking various stages. The online questionnaire including general information, social media use, and the eighteen-item SESMEB was used to collect data. The scale was administered to the study group consisting of 213 Hungarian university students, and data from 203 of them were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test construct validity, and the Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated for the reliability of the scale in Hungarian. Results: Total correlation value was higher than 0.50 for all items of the scale. The fit indices were at an acceptable level or had a perfect fit. The t-values were significant at the level of 0.1 and ranged between 2.927 and 5.706. The Spearman-Brown coefficient was calculated at 0.894. The reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated to be 0.866. SESMEB scores were different according to spending time daily, sharing content, and using filters or Photoshop on social media (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Higher than 0.80 Cronbach's alpha coefficient and other results show that Hungarian SESMEB is a valid and reliable tool. Therefore, Hungarian SESMEB will be useful for further studies to determine the impact of social media on eating behaviors.

Description of Saprolegnia velencensis sp. n. (Oomycota), a novel water mold species from Lake Velence, Hungary.

Here, we describe a novel water mold species, Saprolegnia velencensis sp. n. from Lake Velence, in Hungary. Two strains (SAP239 and SAP241) were isolated from lake water, and characterized using morphological and molecular markers. In addition, phylogenetic analyses based on ITS-rDNA regions and on the RNA polymerase II B subunit (RPB2) gene complemented the study. The ITS-rDNA of the two strains was 100% identical, showed the highest similarity to that of S. ferax (with 94.4% identity), and they formed a separate cluster in both the ITS-rDNA and RPB2-based maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees with high bootstrap support. Although mature oogonia and antheridia were not seen under in vitro conditions, the S. velencensis sp. n. could be clearly distinguished from its closest relative, S. ferax, by the length and width of sporangia, as the new species had shorter and narrower sporangia (163.33±70.07 and 36.69±8.27 µm, respectively) than those of S. ferax. The two species also differed in the size of the secondary cysts (11.63±1.77 µm), which were slightly smaller in S. ferax. Our results showed that S. velencensis sp. n. could not be identified with any of the previously described water mold species, justifying its description as a new species.

[Challenges and resolutions in mental health support for medical students. Mental Health Counseling Service at Semmelweis University].

The prevalence of mental health problems is on the rise worldwide, and there appears to be a significant increase in young university students as well - a British study found a fivefold increase in the prevalence of mental health problems in adolescents over a 10-year period. In the world of medical universities, full of stressful challenges and a competitive atmosphere, the above factors put even more pressure on students. The less favorable mental state of medical students compared to students of other universities is well known and cannot be considered as specific to Hungary. There are several national and international studies that emphasize the multicausal origin of this phenomenon. In order to support the mental and physical well-being of students, to reduce dropout rates and to prevent various psychiatric disorders, the development of well-being services is advocated worldwide. In our paper, we present the curricular and extracurricular mental health promotion opportunities available to students at Semmelweis University, with a special focus on the Student Counselling Service.

[Csontvary, a Hungarian Painter, Art, Psychiatry. The Analysis according to Rennert].

Tivadar Csontváry Kosztka, the great Hungarian artist was called a sort of a "crazy painter" by his contemporaries. Retrospectively, he was diagnosed as suffering not from psychosis but a schizotypal personality disorder based on seven out of nine diagnostic criteria. However, we still need a more precise definition of these criteria. It was also said that his paintings are like those made by the mentally ill. But following the principles and methods of the psychopathological art, especially that of Rennert, we find definitely more dissimilitudes than resemblances. In order to obtain a more accurate profile of this extraordinary creator, we still need further research focusing on the facts.

Comorbidities and outcomes of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a real-world, nationwide, retrospective study from Hungary.

Purpose: This study aimed to provide real-world evidence on the characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment in Hungary between 2011 and 2019. Patients and methods: This nationwide, retrospective study included patients who were newly diagnosed with CML in Hungarian clinical practice between January 2011 and December 2019. The analysis was based on the reimbursed prescription claims for imatinib, bosutinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, or ponatinib with the ICD-10 code C9210 in a public pharmacy between January 2009 and December 2019 using data from the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) of Hungary. CML incidence and prevalence, TKI treatment patterns, comorbidities, and overall survival (OS) were examined. Results: Between 2011 and 2019, altogether 1,407 patients were diagnosed with CML, with an annual average of 156 patients. The number of patients newly initiating first-line TKI therapy for CML significantly increased between 2011 and 2019 (2011: n = 136 vs. 2019: n = 191; p = 0.0043). Nilotinib was typically prescribed for younger patients (≤64 years), while older patients (≥65 years) mostly received imatinib. The most common comorbidity of CML patients was hypertension, and the proportion of patients with other malignancies was relatively high in all treatment groups. 5-year OS was 77.1% during the whole study period. Patients initiating first-line TKI treatment for CML in 2015 had significantly better 4-year OS compared to those starting treatment in 2011 (82.4% vs. 73.5%, respectively, (HR 0.53 (95%CI 0.32-0.87) p = 0.0118). Conclusion: This study is the first to provide insights into the characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes of CML patients treated with TKIs in Hungarian clinical practice between 2011 and 2019. We found slightly lower OS rates compared to other European countries, however, there was a statistically significant improvement in 4-year OS during the study period. The management of CML was in line with international guidelines and recommendations.